Absorption fridges run on propane or 120 volt power, are nearly silent, and suit RVers who camp with propane, but they need to be close to level and struggle in high heat. 12 volt compressor fridges run efficiently from a battery and solar, cool quickly, tolerate off-level parking, and are the standard choice for vans, though they make a quiet hum and need enough battery capacity.
The fridge is often the biggest constant load in a camper. The type decides how you power it.
Side by side
| 12 V compressor | Absorption | |
|---|---|---|
| Power | 12 V DC (often 120 V AC too) | Propane or 120 V AC; some 12 V |
| Efficiency on battery | High | Low on 12 V |
| Leveling | Works off-level | Needs to be close to level |
| Hot weather | Holds temperature well | Can struggle |
| Noise | Quiet hum | Nearly silent |
| Best for | Vans, solar setups | RVers with propane and hookups |
Choosing
If you camp off-grid with solar and lithium, a compressor fridge fits the system. If you camp with propane and hookups, an absorption fridge works well when kept level (leveling guide).
Related: RV solar sizing.
Common questions
Which fridge is best for van life?
Most van builds use a 12 V compressor fridge, because it runs from the house battery and solar and does not need propane or level parking.
Can an absorption fridge run on 12 volts?
Three-way absorption fridges can, but they draw a lot of 12 V power, so it is mainly used while driving.
How much battery does a 12V fridge use?
It depends on size, insulation and the weather. Check the maker's average consumption figure and size your battery and solar to match.