Hitches are grouped into classes by the trailer weight and tongue weight they are rated for, from light Class I hitches to heavy Class V hitches. The real limit is the lowest rating among your vehicle, hitch, ball mount and ball. For a conventional travel trailer, tongue weight usually needs to be around 10 to 15 percent of the loaded trailer weight. Weight distribution hitches spread that load across the axles, and sway control keeps the trailer tracking straight.
Every part of the towing chain has a rating. The weakest link sets your limit.
Hitch classes (typical ratings)
| Class | Receiver | Typical max trailer weight | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 1 1/4 in | About 2,000 lb | Bike racks, small utility trailers |
| II | 1 1/4 in | About 3,500 lb | Small campers, boats |
| III | 2 in | About 8,000 lb | Most travel trailers |
| IV | 2 in | About 10,000 lb | Larger travel trailers |
| V | 2 or 2 1/2 in | Higher; varies by maker | Heavy trailers |
Ratings vary by manufacturer. Read the label on your hitch.
Tongue weight
For conventional trailers, plan for about 10 to 15 percent of the loaded trailer weight on the tongue. Fifth wheels and goosenecks put a larger share on the truck. A tongue scale or a certified scale gives the real number.
Weight distribution and sway control
A weight distribution hitch uses spring bars to move some tongue weight back to the tow vehicle’s front axle and the trailer axles. Sway control resists side-to-side movement from wind and passing trucks.
Brakes
Most trailers with electric brakes need a brake controller in the tow vehicle. Laws on trailer brakes vary by state and province. Compare proportional and time-delay brake controllers after checking the trailer’s brake type and your vehicle’s wiring.
Related: all towing gear.
Common questions
How do I find my towing capacity?
Check the owner's manual and the vehicle's door-jamb label. The hitch and ball also carry their own ratings; use the lowest number.
What is tongue weight?
The downward force the trailer coupler puts on the hitch ball. Too little can cause sway; too much overloads the rear axle.
Do I need a weight distribution hitch?
Many vehicle and hitch makers require one above a certain trailer weight. Check your owner's manual.